10,903 research outputs found
K\"ahlerian Effective Potentials for Chern-Simons-Matter Theories
In this paper, we will calculate the effective potential for a theory of
multiple M2-branes. As the theory of multiple M2-branes can be described by a
Chern-Simons-matter theory, this will be done by calculating the K\"ahlerian
effective potential for a Chern-Simons-matter theory. This calculation will be
performed in superspace formalism. We will initially study an
Abelian Chern-Simons-matter theory, and then generalize those results to the
full non-Abelian Chern-Simons-matter theory. We will obtain explicit
expressions for the superpropagators for this theory. These superpropagators
will be used to calculate the one-loop effective potential.Comment: 15 page
Data on the annual aggregated income taxes of the Italian municipalities over the quinquennium 2007–2011
This dataset contains the annual aggregated income taxes of all the Italian municipalities over the years 2007-2011. Data are clustered over the Italian regions and provinces. The source of the data is the Italian Ministry of Economics and Finance. The administrative variations in Italy over the quinquennium have been taken into account. Data are useful to understand the economic structure of Italy at the microscopic level of municipalities. They can serve also for making comparisons between economical aspects and other features of the Italian cities
Benford’s law predicted digit distribution of aggregated income taxes: the surprising conformity of Italian cities and regions
The yearly aggregated tax income data of all, more than 8000, Italian municipalities are analyzed for a period of five years, from 2007 to 2011, to search for conformity or
not with Benford’s law, a counter-intuitive phenomenon observed in large tabulated data where the occurrence of numbers having smaller initial digits is more favored
than those with larger digits. This is done in anticipation that large deviations from Benford’s law will be found in view of tax evasion supposedly being widespread
across Italy. Contrary to expectations, we show that the overall tax income data for all these years is in excellent agreement with Benford’s law. Furthermore, we also
analyze the data of Calabria, Campania and Sicily, the three Italian regions known for strong presence of mafia, to see if there are any marked deviations from Benford’s
law. Again, we find that all yearly data sets for Calabria and Sicily agree with Benford’s law whereas only the 2007 and 2008 yearly data show departures from the law for Campania. These results are again surprising in view of underground
and illegal nature of economic activities of mafia which significantly contribute totax evasion. Some hypothesis for the found conformity is presented
Authentication of Electronic Records: Limitations of Indian Legal Approach
Paper based documents have inherent authenticity and high evidentiary value for obvious reasons. The documents are permanent record of the contractual relationship of the parties and their contents cannot be so easily altered, modified or changed and even if any change is effected that can be easily detected. This is the reason that the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 excludes oral evidence in presence of documentary evidence. The moot point is that can an electronic record be treated equivalent to paper based record? In other words, can an electronic record have all the properties of the physical document appended with the hand written signature? This is necessitated by the fact that there are different laws in India providing that a contract is not valid unless it is in writing and signed by the parties. An attempt is made in this paper to analyze the provisions prescribing authentication of electronic records in India to demonstrate inherent limitations in them. To overcome these limitations, a new model of authentication is proposed which is based on digital signature combined with time stamping service
Measuring measurement--disturbance relationships with weak values
Using formal definitions for measurement precision {\epsilon} and disturbance
(measurement backaction) {\eta}, Ozawa [Phys. Rev. A 67, 042105 (2003)] has
shown that Heisenberg's claimed relation between these quantities is false in
general. Here we show that the quantities introduced by Ozawa can be determined
experimentally, using no prior knowledge of the measurement under investigation
--- both quantities correspond to the root-mean-squared difference given by a
weak-valued probability distribution. We propose a simple three-qubit
experiment which would illustrate the failure of Heisenberg's
measurement--disturbance relation, and the validity of an alternative relation
proposed by Ozawa
High efficiency of two solar cells CIGS/CIS stacked mechanically
In our work, we have simulated and optimized solar cells based on the mechanically stacked system using the Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS-1D) simulator in respect to overall performance. The structures of solar cells are based on the top cell Copper- Indium-Gallium- diselenide, CuIn1-xGaxSe2, referred to as CIGS, and the bottom cell Copper- Indium-Gallium, CIS. We have simulated each cell individually and extrapolated their optimal parameters (thickness, concentration of absorber). In the case of tandem, we calculated the efficiency of each cell optimized by separation of the solar spectrum in bands where the cell is sensible for the absorption. The current-matching limitation imposed by series connection reduces efficiency relative to independently-connected cells
Синтез и исследование алюмината стронция Sr[3]Al[2]O[6], активированного ионами европия
Алюминат стронция был получен методом золь-гель. Использовали термическую обработку в сушильном шкафу для сушки геля. Для получения кристаллического продукта кубической модификации все образцы прокаливали в муфельной печи при температурах до 1000 °С. Морфологию поверхности прекурсора исследовали при растрового электронного микроскопа Hitachi ТМ3000. На основании данных рентгенофазового анализа сделали вывод об образовании алюмината стронция состава Sr[3]Al[2]O[6] с незначительными примесями фазы SrAl[4]O[7]. Золь-гель методом был получен люминофор состава Sr[2,8]Eu0,2Al[2]O[6]. Экспериментально было подтверждено свечение красного цвета полученного люминофора
- …